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Force Recon insigniaActiveJune 19, 1957 – presentCountryAllegianceBranchType(SOC)RoleDirect support of. (VBSS). (MIO)Size835 (consisting of five 167-member companies: three active duty (one in each ) and twoPart of(FMF).
(FMFLant). (FMFPac)Nickname(s)Force Recon, FORECONPatronBruce F. MeyersJoseph Z. TaylorMotto(s)Celer, Silens, Mortalis('Swift, Silent, Deadly')EngagementsForce Reconnaissance ( FORECON) is one of the ' (SOC), and provides essential elements of to the of the (MAGTF), by supporting their task force commanders, and their subordinate operating units of the (FMF).Historically, the Force Recon companies, detachments and platoons performed both and operations. Some missions are now shared by the (MSOT), due to the establishment of the (MARSOC) in 2006. MARSOC was formed from Force Recon's direct action platoons, and are capable of performing many of the same mission sets for USSOCOM. This dual existence enables the FORECON companies to focus on excelling in their primary mission, as well as the (VBSS) side of the specialized raid mission.FORECON is responsible for operating independently behind enemy lines performing, in support of.
The unit's various methods of airborne, heliborne, submarine and waterborne insertions and extractions are similar to those of the, and, although Force Recon's missions and tasks differ slightly with a focus on primarily supporting Marine expeditionary and amphibious operations. For further information, see.Two different mission types emerged during the, which are still implemented in the Force Reconnaissance motives today: Key Hole and Sting Ray. These practices subsequently became contemporary as, or green operations; and, which are known as black operations.Key Hole patrols were designed purely around reconnaissance and surveillance; usually lightly equipped and armed with defensive weapons—evasive techniques were employed to break contact from the enemy should the need arise, avoiding contact with the enemy was paramount. Sting Ray operations were the exact opposite of Key Hole missions with goals more closely in line of offensive strikes, the FORECON operators were heavily armed and used artillery and/or naval gunfire support, if available.However, what began as a 'key hole' patrol could become a 'sting ray' patrol with little warning. The versatility of FORECON is demonstrated when missions quickly turn, planned or not, from a deep reconnaissance patrol to a direct action engagement. Green operations. A four-man of Marines simulates infiltrating a beachhead to gain information about the enemy and its adjacent beaches to help forecast a 'ship-to-shore' landing operation as seen in the 1985 2nd Force Reconnaissance Company, II Marine Expeditionary Force, MCB Camp Lejeune, NC image above (from right to left) Team Leader LCpl James Scwarhz, LCpl Lawrence Gentile, Cpl Michael Norton and LCpl Samuel Marquet.
—example of green operations.Green operations are the principal mission of Force Recon, to collect any pertinent intelligence of military importance, observe, identify and report adversaries to commanders. Like (also known as the Marine Recon Battalions), they employ a mixed element of. This practice fundamentally covers a wide spectrum of reconnaissance but primarily the FORECON operators conduct.The Force Recon platoons operate farther inland than their Division Recon counterparts, penetrating deeper into enemy territory from their assigned littoral (coastal) region within a force commander's ' (TAOR). They operate at such great distances that they are beyond the boundaries, or fan, of any and/or (NGFS); unlike their Division Recon brethren, whose operations are primarily within the artillery and gunfire support fan. Silence and stealth are vital in reducing chances of compromising their position—if a single round is fired, the mission is deemed to have failed.The United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance detachments, or FORECON, operate in deep reconnaissance, direct action, and the control of supporting arms; to convey military intelligence beyond the means of a commander's area of influence in the battlefield. They are capable of operating independently in combined methods of amphibious and ground operations by utilizing methods of conventional and unconventional warfare in defense of the United States.Although Force Recon has never been part of the United States Special Operations Command, their missions slightly differentiate themselves from other United States Special Operations Forces units.
Colloquially, they are specialized in all tactical areas of warfare. Force Recon will train with other Special Operations forces, such as, United States Navy SEALs, United States Army Special Forces, and United States Air Force Pararescue, in order to master all skill sets. A team of operators from a direct action platoon (DAP) conducts 'Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure' (VBSS) training during a Maritime Interdiction Operation (MIO) exercise. — example of black operations.Black operations are the missions that require (DA). They are the opposite of green operations missions, where the Force Recon operators 'look for trouble.' Depending on the situation and the target location, the FORECON operators usually conduct direct action missions within the artillery and naval gun support fan; these operations demonstrate 'small-scale'.Examples are the seizures and occupation of (GOPLAT) and the (VBSS) of ships during (MIO), as well as orchestrating, a vital skill exercised in DA missions; Force Recon operators from static positions and for artillery and, or ordnance and payload delivery.They provide (PSD) for critically important personnel. They are capable of performing (IHR) but this is no longer a Force Recon mission task.
The (MSPF) are designed for IHR missions for the 's (MEF's) subordinate (MEU (SOC)) in its stead.Organization In the past, early Force Reconnaissance companies in the Marine Corps had made numerous titular changes to its table of organization (T/O), so much so that it can be difficult to describe its primary command structure in detail. However, the companies initially were designed to function under the echelon of the Navy/Marine force commanders (e.g. Under the direct operational control of the (CATF) and (CLF), and ) during amphibious or expeditionary engagements—to provide timely intelligence without exhausting their reconnaissance assets from the Marine Division without hampering their valuable support to its infantry regiments.Due to these changes, FORECON has been detached and reported to multiple commanders of, the (CE) of the, and the immediate commander of the (MEF). They were re-organized or reserved for 'special reconnaissance' assignments that would otherwise help shape the outcome of his battlefield. These companies, for a few times in their existence had either folded into the Marine Division, its Regiment's Recon Battalions, or dissolved entirely to only resurface during conflicts, or when other similar reasons had arisen.After the creation of (MARSOC) on August 11, 2006, it marked the United States Marine Corps' first commitment to the (USSOCOM).
By February 2006, deactivated its command. The most experienced operators were selected to fill the ranks for the newly established Marine Special Operations Battalions' (MSOBs) teams.
A month later in January, met the same fate. The remaining Marines in both Force Recon companies molded into new 'D' companies within the Division Recon Battalions, forming the (DRPs). The DRPs are designed to maintain and preserve the 'deep reconnaissance' assets to the MAGTF commanders.In October 2008, by the direction of the (CMC), the D companies within both and were redesignated as 'Force Reconnaissance' companies and assigned operational control to the (MEF) accordingly, particularly the. These companies will assume the traditional deep reconnaissance and supportive arms mission set and will deploy in support of current directive required by the United States Marine Corps. Since that time, the Marine Corps has also stood up Force Reconnaissance Company, III MEF in Okinawa, Japan.The three Force Reconnaissance companies of I, II, and III MEF are currently the only active components of force- level reconnaissance; whereas the 3rd and 4th FORECON are the force reconnaissance assets available to augment and reinforce the Fleet Marine Force. In the Marine Corps Reserve, the FORECON are separate units reporting directly to the Commanding General (4th MarDiv CG), unless mobilized and ordered detached to a Gaining Force Commander.
Additionally, as separate units, the FORECON are not part of, which is itself a separate unit reporting directly to the 4th MarDiv CG.Table of Organization (T/O) Each Force Reconnaissance company is basically the same; they all contain a command element and Force Recon platoons. Each company is commanded by a and his.Commanding Officer (CO)Executive Officer (XO)Command Element. (S-1) Administration. (S-2) Intelligence. (S-3) Operations.
(S-4) Logistics. (S-6) Communications(H&S) Platoon1st Platoon 2nd Platoon (DAP)3rd Platoon 4th Platoon (DRP)5th Platoon Active EmblemNameParent divisionLocationForce Reconnaissance Company,.,. they supplement their respective Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) when the primary active component FORECON companies are unavailable.Deactivated LogoNameParent commandLocationHistory. Main articles: andThe historical roots of 'Force Recon' companies can be traced back to the antecedent, whose numerous of enemy beaches during the of proved the vitality of the Fleet Marine Force's. This unique unit reported directly to the landing force commander, providing him important intelligence at his disposal.Formed initially as a company-size element from the, under the command of Major, they were amongst the first—along with the early (the predecessor to the i.e., the Navy SEALs)—to embark from submarines; most of their missions complemented those of the NCDU and the UDT.
The 'amphibious reconnaissance' doctrine clearly outlined that the recon Marines' duties consisted of scouting the littoral areas, or beachhead, and inland; to test the soil permeability for a possible beach landing; to clear any obstacles that may hinder an amphibious assault; and to observe any sign of enemy activity. The Navy UDT were tasked with providing the same, but from off the coastline to the littoral, or adjacent beach areas.Jones and his recon Marines scouted the Japanese-fortified beaches and observed the terrain, materials or other entities, primarily reporting to the force commander of any vital of mission-oriented importance.
This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( February 2012) was activated, trained, fought and deactivated during the. Activated in September 1965 as one of the first group of add-on units to meet demands of operations in Vietnam, the company formed at Camp Lejeune, N.C. And satellite on Second Force Reconnaissance Company that was under strength due to the demands for trained Force Recon Marines assigned to First Force in country. Facilities, cadre and equipment for training were provided by Second Force.Volunteers were solicited from throughout the Marine Corps and the first four months were devoted to bringing the company up to strength in personnel.
Beginning in January 1966 all operational personnel departed Camp Lejeune to train in the Caribbean and Panama. Returning to North Carolina in March, final preparations were carried out to meet the projected deployment date in May 1966. The expected deployment of the entire company did not occur, but a two platoon detachment embarked on the USS Boxer, transited through the Suez Canal, and arrived in country in time to be introduced to combat in Operation Hastings as part of The Special Landing Force in early July 1966.The company (-) dropped to a not combat ready readiness status. Headquarters Marine Corps transferred several Officers and numerous Staff Non Commissioned Officers immediately after the detachment departed. In mid-June the company (-) was alerted to deploy immediately.
Due to the reduced personnel readiness status, HQMC changed the deployment plan and ordered that a platoon be assigned to deploy with First Battalion, 26th Marines that had been activated at Camp Pendleton. The remainder of the company was ordered to move to Camp Pendleton to refit.At the conclusion of Hastings the detachment was attached to Third Reconnaissance Battalion that had just arrived in Phu Bai from DaNang, having been replaced by the First Reconnaissance Battalion that had just begun arriving with the First Marine Division. Shortly, they were joined by the platoon that had come in country with 1/26.They patrolled in Thua Thien Province until early January, 1967, when a task organized Special Purpose group carried out a prisoner rescue attempt. The remainder were sent to Khe Sanh where they developed the intelligence of a large enemy buildup, that was the prelude to The Hill Fights that occurred in April 1967.Reunited, what was left of the three platoons, returned to Phu Bai to await the arrival of the company(-).
Having been brought up to strength and operational readiness, the company was reunited on April 27, 1966, just in time for the NVA offensive to seize Quang Tri Province. The logistics element arrive at the 'Ramp' at Dong Ha just in time for the opening salvos of the NVA artillery attacks that would continue daily until late Autumn.The operational element experienced a mortar attack in Phu Bai at the same time resulting in several shrapnel wounds, only one of which, required evacuation. The new arrivals were integrated with combat veterans and the entire eighteen teams conducted a zone reconnaissance in the Cobi Than Tan Valley east of Hue City before displacing to Dong Ha.Upon arrival at Dong Ha in early May the Commanding Officer assumed command of Third Recon Battalion (Forward), which had reconnaissance responsibility for all of Quang Tri Province except the Khe Sanh TAOR (Tactical Area of Operations).
The company patrolled the area north of Highway nine to the DMZ, while the Battalion Company was targeted south of Highway Nine to the Thua Thien border. Occasional circumstances caused deviation from that concept, but, for the most part, those deviations were rare. Third Force continued that operational commitment until the Third Division left country in November 1969.Third Force was placed under command of The Third Marine Expeditionary Force and operated in general support of IIId MAF until deactivated in mid-1970.Mission Training Plan.
For information regarding the preliminary training (selection and indoctrination) of Force Recon, see.Training within the Company is outlined by the Mission Training Plan (MTP). It is used in conjunction with the training and exercises that are conducted by the for their ' certification. It follows a systematic approach to training, and the emphasis is to 'train as they expect to fight'.' The best form of WELFARE for our Marines and sailors is first class training; this saves unnecessary casualties'.
—MTP quote by S-3 of FORECON companies.The Mission Training Plan has five phases, and is based on a two-year platoon cycle. Training is ongoing and continuous, and functions as if it were a loop. Before FORECON operators are 'Special Operations Capable' they follow the Company's MTP, which underlines the training protocol of the. Phase 1: Individual Training. Phase 2: Unit Training.
Phase 3: MEU (SOC) Training. Phase 4: MEU (SOC) Deployment.
Phase 5: MEU (SOC) Post DeploymentPhase 1 The first phase in FORECON's Mission Training Plan takes place within the MEU's Pre-deployment Training Program (PTP). In order for Marines to become Force Recon operators, it is required to complete each course as they progress through the 'Accession Pipeline' although there are other senior and veteran Marines that have already served with Force Recon, choosing to stay attached to the company only to repeat the 2-year platoon cycle continuously. Whichever the case, they both will attend their respective schools: the candidates traverse through the accession pipeline, as the recon veterans attend specialized schools—both participating in Phase 1 of the MTP.The recon candidates of Force Recon are required to obtain the designation of formerly 8654, Reconnaissance Marine, Parachutist/Combatant Diver Qualified. In order to achieve that, they must attend the following courses.Accession Pipeline. A platoon of Force Recon team operators paddle their Combat Rubber Reconnaissance Craft (CRRC) against the surf out to sea, a skill that they learned since their days in the Basic Recon Course. Infantry Rifleman Course – Infantry Training Battalion,.
–. /Navy Remote Training Sites;, and,. – Navy Diving Salvage and Training Center,. –,. –,. –,.
(SOTG) –,;,;,Special schools During the 'Individual Training Phase', the candidates are undergoing the to become qualified MOS 0321 (Reconnaissance Marine). After further training, the already-billeted Force Recon operators (who had already completed the required courses in the accession pipeline BRC, parachutist and diving, and SERE/HRP courses) attain MOS 0326 (Reconnaissance Marine, parachute and combatant diver qualified) and may continue to remain with FORECON after the 3-year rotation cycle.
They may be selected for additional advanced cross-service training from other schools provided by the (SOF) units. Although these specialized schools are not necessarily required, they are highly encouraged.Many Marine Corps 'training liaisons' represent the Marines at many cross-services schools, to ensure training slots and openings are met and filled by the Marines that requested, or were recommended, for advanced training. Some of these courses may not be able to facilitate the Marine students; the instructors of these schools resort to complement the Marines' requested syllabus by designing similar subsidiary courses. This argument becomes clear on whether Marines may, or may not, actually attend the training (BUD/S). Nonetheless, in the past, selected operators within Force Recon had attended the courses of instructions provided by BUD/S Instructors and their completion is documented in their military (SRB) or (OQR). The Mercedes-Benz GDT-290 'Interim Fast Attack Vehicle' (IFAV) is a replacement of the Chenowth FAV desert buggy and the modified M-151A2 jeep). —circa 2001.
Mobile Reconnaissance Package – Covers operating and maintaining the and the. Rapid deployment of FORECON requires fast mobilization. The current IFAV is a replacement of the two earlier FAVs, the and the that were employed in the 1980s and 1990s.
Advanced Airborne Package – Extremely important to Force Recon for inserting Marines behind enemy lines. In this three-week period, Marines will transition from conventional (LLSL) insertions into the hallmark techniques. Usually it consists of consecutive night jumps with night combat equipment, but HAHO training is done in the Paraloft of the S3 Section using a complex -based (VR) computer system. While wearing a VR headset device, the Marines hang suspended from the Paraloft ceiling that resembles the MC-5. Many simulations are factored in this Virtual Reality Parachute Simulation; it allows the Marine to jump at high altitudes and visually check his main canopy for proper deployment, alleviate malfunctions, to cutaway and deploy a reserve parachute, then employ guidance and control to an unmarked. Combat Trauma Package – Examination of first aid and medical treatment that can prepare Marines in many realistic scenarios where Marines can become casualties.
See also:This 6-month training phase emphasizing more in the, or 'black operations'. It is conducted by the Special Operations Training Group (SOTG). This phase takes place during the MEU's PTP.
These courses involves both aspects of maritime and urbanized environments and how to apply and science in demolition, (GOPLAT) training, cordon and search, (VBSS), training and humanitarian operations. The recon operators get the chance to train in unfamiliar urban areas and maritime structures. This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( February 2012) Once the is finished, the MEU with the detached Force Recon platoon as a functional special operations capable force. Then they sail on a six-month deployment. This long deployment is known as the 'Deployment Phases' to Force Recon, they sail from either three locations, off the east or west coast,.
The on the west would deploy its (MEUs) to the and the 's MEUs on the east coast sails across the to either the or the. The 's in Okinawa is to be used as a contingency for reinforced support of an area spanning from to the.
The III MEF is the only MEF of the FMF that is permanently fully deployed at all times. Whether garrisoned on land or aboard ship, along with their naval counterpart, training is constant while at sea. These Marines are firing a modified Springfield.45 ACP, the.While Force Recon is afloat, they still remain focused on their self-disciplined training sessions.
They conduct small arms live fire training on the deck of the ships and physical fitness training. In many cases, foreign maritime forces alike participate in joint exercises or training maneuvers, such as the,. But while they may be training, the MEU are capable of projecting fully forward deployed operational task forces. Thus, epitomizing the infamous Marine Corps slogan, 'force-in-readiness'. Phase 5 The last phase is the post-deployment phase. After 18-months of training and deployment, the platoon is granted 30-days of military. Once a Force Recon operator has finished deployment, they have a decision to make.
What makes Force Recon unique from, and the other, is the career style that is being placed in the Force Recon company structure. They can choose to stay with the Force Recon Company and continue their assignment with the MEU, recycling its loop cycle; or they can get release from the FORECON company and go back to their original assignment, whether administration, motor transport, or infantry. However, on average, approximately 50% of the platoon will leave, their time in Force having expired. Equipment. For information on the general equipment of reconnaissance Marines, see.The primary weapons used by both Division and FMF Recon assets are typically the same standard-issued weapons in the arsenal of the Marine Corps.
However, since Force Recon's missions are directly involved in parachuting and underwater insertions, they demand weapons and equipment that are essential to their job. Their equipment reflects on which ever tasks that have been assigned by the MAGTF, MEF, or MEU commander; either direct action (black) or deep recon (green) operations.Table of Equipment (T/E) Some equipment only fits the needs for one particular mission over another. There is however some equipment that is used for both black and green operations, and these pieces of gear are usually combat vests, flak and armor jackets (or systems), and harnesses for use in hasty extraction measures.Particularly during green operations, these missions normally encompass surveillance and reconnaissance. The equipment items carried into the field are usually cameras, scopes, and most importantly communications. Two recon Marines serve as radiomen in the team.
Each team/platoon often brings two field radios that are able to withstand the elements of seawater, and rugged patrolling as they tread inland—if one radio fails, they resort to the supplemental radio. This is to ensure that vital information can always be sent to the commander, and to the S-3/S-6 shop, or similar intelligence collection agencies. More common in today's infrastructure, much of the intelligence-gathered information is sent to and processed by the Marine Expeditionary Force's 'Surveillance, Reconnaissance, and Intelligence Group' (SRIG).For black operations, the Marines carry weapons that are more of the close-quarter combative use; grenades, carbine rifles, sub-machine guns (SMGs), and any tool to use for breaching barricades and doors. They can be equipped with laser designating devices to 'paint' their targets with laser-guiding coordinates to deliver payload to un-expecting targets. A six-man stick of team operators from 1st Force Recon perform a 'high-altitude, low-opening' (HALO) parachute insertion jump at ≈22,000–30,000 ft. Above sea-level.
— circa 2004In addition to the SCUBA equipment used in amphibious mission-essential tasks, Force Recon maintains and operates parachutes. This is the main difference and separation from Division Reconnaissance—all FORECON operators are required to be parachutists. The parachutist equipment is stored in the Force Reconnaissance's Parachute Loft.Parachute pack systems The parachute is one of the trademarks of Force Recon, throughout its existence the operators have extensively used a wide variety of parachutes.
In the mid-1950s, they used the T-10, then later adopting the Capewell canopy release which provided a to reduce the deadly effect of drag. The T-10 became the most frequented parachute; which had two variants, one for low-level static line (LLSL) and the other for military free fall (MFF) descends. They had numerous parachutes listed under the Table of Equipment (T/E) that had been contained in the Paraloft. Even in its formative days in the, the operators and testers of the Naval Parachute Unit (NPU) at had tested and sported numerous parachutes, adding modifications and suggestions that soon were adopted by other parachutists. By the 1990s, the MC-4 and MC-5 became the feasible choice, as it allows more detailed and accurate landing in smaller areas, easy to control—especially during oscillation of the canopy. This section needs additional citations for.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( November 2018) Books. According to his character bio, the Marvel comic book character, (aka Frank Castle) was a Vietnam era Force Recon Marine. The 2010s reboot of the character gave him a similar background, updated to the Global War on Terror.
According to his character bio, the Marvel comic book character, (aka Marc Spector) was a Force Recon Marine, CIA operative, and mercenary. According to his character bio, the Image comic book character, Lt. Colonel Albert Francis 'Al' Simmons was a Force Recon Marine, Secret Service Agent, and CIA assassin. 's 1998 novel (and its sequels) are based around the exploits of Force Recon Captain and his team of marines. In the Cut & Run series by Abigail Roux, FBI Agent Tyler Grady is a former Force Recon Marine. The Force Recon series of books by James V. Smith follows a quartet of Force Recon Marines known as Team Midnight.
The Force 5 Recon series of books by, using the pseudonym P.W. Retrieved 27 November 2017. ^ Meyers, Bruce F.
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Marine Sharpshooter 4 Locked And Loaded 2010 Full
Michael, Ausiello. Retrieved October 28, 2016.